Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41467447›Full record

ArticleBiology open2026

Spatial heterogeneity of lactylation: insights into gene expression, metabolism, and lactate transport in human embryonic stem cells.

Alexandra M Kozlov, Zuleika C L Leung, Rachel B Wilson, Sukhdeep Bhangal, Karen Nygard, Andrew M Powell, Nica M Borradaile, Dean H Betts, Robert C Cumming

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alexandra M KozlovDepartment of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
Zuleika C L LeungDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
Rachel B WilsonDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
Sukhdeep BhangalDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
Karen NygardBiotron Integrated Microscopy, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
Andrew M PowellDepartment of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
Nica M BorradaileDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
Dean H BettsDepartment of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5528-9142
Robert C CummingDepartment of Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6821-7060

Funding

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada RGPIN/06893-2019Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada RGPIN-2019-04027Western University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Low reprogramming efficiency and high phenotypic variability hinder the regenerative medicine applications of human pluripotent stem cells. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate pluripotency is crucial to overcoming these challenges. This study investigated the relationship between lactylation, a newly identified regulator of gene expression, pluripotency, metabolism, and lactate transport in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Histone lactylation levels were significantly higher in hESCs than in differentiated cells. Further, exogenous lactate increased histone lactylation and acetylation levels and altered pluripotency gene expression, notably increasing KLF4, KLF5, GBX2, and DMNT3L in hESCs. Finally, naïve-like hESC colonies exhibited higher lactylation levels peripherally, coinciding with elevated peripheral SOX2 levels. Conversely, lactate transport and production protein levels were higher centrally. This study suggests that elevated histone lysine lactylation levels are a newly identified characteristic of human pluripotency. The spatial distribution findings are consistent with a positive relationship between histone lactylation and SOX2 expression in naïve-like hESCs.

Indexed as

Gene Expression RegulationHuman Embryonic Stem CellsLactic AcidProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalAcetylationBiological TransportCell DifferentiationHistonesHumansKruppel-Like Factor 4SOXB1 Transcription FactorsHistonesKLF4 protein, humanKruppel-Like Factor 4Lactic AcidSOXB1 Transcription FactorsCellular MetabolismLactateLactylationPluripotencyPluripotent Stem Cells

Identifiers

PMID41467447
PMCPMC12869512

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.