ArticleNutrients2025
Differential Effects of Vitamin C from Fruit and Vegetables Versus Supplements on the Risk of Frailty.
Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesFrailty represents a critical aging-related condition, but evidence on how different sources of vitamin C relate to frailty risk remains limited. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between frailty risk and sources of vitamin C intake (dietary, including fruit and vegetable (FV) vs. supplemental) among Korean adults.
methodWe analyzed data from 9478 adults in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2018-2019). Frailty was assessed using a modified Fried phenotype. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for frailty according to vitamin C intake source.
resultsMore than 60% of participants had inadequate FV intake. Significant associations were observed primarily in women. Increased FV intake (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.264-0.731, comparing the highest intake group (fourth quartile, Q4) vs. the lowest intake group (first quartile, Q1)) for dietary vitamin C intake (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.393-0.914, Q4 vs. Q1) and vitamin C intake from FV (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.348-0.851, Q4 vs. Q1), was significantly associated with a lower risk of frailty. Women with inadequate FV intake had a higher risk of frailty (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.34-3.16) compared to those with adequate intake, regardless of vitamin C supplement use. In contrast, vitamin C supplementation was not significantly associated with frailty risk in either men or women.
conclusionA higher intake of FV and dietary vitamin C, but not supplemental vitamin C, was associated with a lower risk of frailty, particularly among women. These findings suggest that improving overall diet quality through increased FV consumption may be more effective for frailty prevention than relying on single-nutrient supplementation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.