Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41471100›Full record

ReviewPharmaceutics2025

Cracking the Skin Barrier: Models and Methods Driving Dermal Drug Delivery.

Francelle Bouwer, Marius Brits, Joe M Viljoen

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Francelle BouwerCentre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Building G16, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.ORCID 0009-0005-4688-6737
Marius BritsCentre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Building G16, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-0197-300X
Joe M ViljoenCentre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Building G16, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-2489-1616

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dermal drug delivery is a promising alternate route of drug administration, offering localized therapeutic effects, reduced systemic effects, and improved patient compliance. However, the skin's intricate configuration, especially the stratum corneum (SC), presents formidable barriers, restricting drug permeation. This review summarizes biological, synthetic, and methodological models employed to study dermal absorption and permeability. Ex vivo human skin is a reference point, but limited availability and ethical constraints necessitate reliance on animal models, including porcine, rodent, rabbit, monkey, and even snake skin, each with unique advantages and drawbacks. Synthetic substitutes, e.g., reconstructed human epidermis and Strat-M

Indexed as

animal modelsbioequivalence assessmentdermal drug deliverydiffusion cellsex vivo skin modelsreconstructed human epidermisskin-PAMPAStrat-M® membranestratum corneum (SC)tape stripping

Identifiers

PMID41471100
PMCPMC12737099

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.