Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41472889›Full record

ReviewJournal of the Endocrine Society2026

Impact of Nutrition on Somatotroph Axis: A Potential Role in Acromegaly and Its Cardiovascular Risk?

Angelo Milioto, Federico Gatto, Ingrid Larsson, Annamaria Colao, Diego Ferone, Gudmundur Johannsson, Daniela Esposito

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Angelo MiliotoDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41346, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7768-2515
Federico GattoEndocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Genoa 16132, Italy.
Ingrid LarssonDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41346, Sweden.
Annamaria ColaoUnità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4049-2559
Diego FeroneEndocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Genoa 16132, Italy.
Gudmundur JohannssonDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41346, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-8440
Daniela EspositoDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41346, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8993-2071

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diet composition and energy intake directly modulate the growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis, and indirectly through endogenous regulators such as insulin, ghrelin, and adipokines. Moreover, diet has a well-established role in the prevention and management of various metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities in the general population. Acromegaly, caused by an endogenous overproduction of GH, is an endocrine disorder associated with increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities and excess mortality. The treatment of acromegaly aims to normalize GH and IGF-1 levels, manage complications, and reduce mortality. There is a considerable gap in research regarding the specific influence of diet on biochemical control and complications in acromegaly; therefore, consensus guidelines for managing metabolic and cardiovascular complications in acromegaly generally recommend the same nutritional interventions as those for the general population, even though the underlying pathogenic mechanisms often differ. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of how nutrition modulates the GH/IGF-1 axis and to summarize current evidence on the effect of various macronutrients and dietary patterns on biochemical control and comorbidity management in patients with acromegaly. Evidence in healthy individuals suggests that diets low in animal-derived proteins, combined with moderate fat and carbohydrate intake, may lower GH/IGF-1 activity. Nevertheless, further research is needed in patients with acromegaly to determine whether dietary interventions, such as those found effective in the general population, can help achieve biochemical control and effectively manage metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities in this specific group.

Indexed as

acromegalybiochemical controlcardiovascular riskmetabolismmorbiditynutrition

Identifiers

PMID41472889
PMCPMC12745747

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.