ArticleIranian journal of biotechnology2026
Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies IL-1β as a Non-Canonical Driver of Human Dendritic Cell Maturation.
Article in Iranian journal of biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Dendritic cell (DC) maturation is traditionally triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through Toll-like receptors. However, emerging evidence suggests that the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) can act independently of PAMPs to drive DC activation and T cell priming. Objectives: This study aimed to perform a comparative transcriptomic analysis of IL-1β- and R848-induced maturation in human DCs to uncover shared and distinct molecular signatures underlying these activation pathways. Materials and Methods: RNA-seq data from dataset GSE108526 were analyzed following normalization and quality control. Differential gene expression was assessed using a linear model incorporating both treatment type and timepoint as factors. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to identify pathways and biological processes enriched under each condition. Results: Both IL-1β and R848 activated core immune response programs, yet exhibited distinct transcriptional emphases. IL-1β preferentially upregulated genes associated with cytokine regulation, surface receptor signaling, and cell communication, whereas R848 induced stronger interferon-stimulated gene networks and antiviral defense pathways. Comparative visualization of key maturation, cytokine, and IL-2 receptor genes revealed overlapping but stimulus-specific expression profiles. Conclusions: The findings highlight that IL-1β can substitute for PAMPs in inducing DC activation, yet orchestrates a unique immune transcriptional landscape. This suggests a specialized immunomodulatory potential for IL-1β distinct from classical TLR-mediated pathways.
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