ArticleAmerican journal of medicine open2025
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Initiation and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer: A Real-World Comparative Study.
Article in American journal of medicine open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Obesity and Cancer: Mechanisms, Epidemiological Evidence, and Potential Risk Reduction.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Adverse Events Associated with Incretin-Based Therapies: A Narrative Review on Mechanisms, Clinical Management, and Risk Mitigation.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) medications are widely used in managing type 2 diabetes because of their cardio-renal-metabolic benefits. However, concerns persist regarding their potential association with acute pancreatitis (AP) and pancreatic cancer. This study's objective was to examine the association of GLP-1RAs with the risk of AP and pancreatic cancer. Methods: This retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study used Veterans Health Administration national data during fiscal years 2006 to 2021. Using a new-user active comparator design, we included veterans who initiated either GLP-1RA or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) medication, the latter as an active comparator. The primary outcomes were incident AP and pancreatic cancer. We excluded patients with a history of pancreatitis, pancreatic tumors, pancreatic congenital anomalies, and alcohol use. Secondary analysis included adjusting for confounders that may have been introduced during the follow-up period, such as gallbladder diseases, and Results: We matched 88,972 pairs of GLP-1RA and DPP-4i users on all characteristics. AP was diagnosed in 214 (0.24%) DPP-4i users versus 273 (0.31%) GLP-1RA users (OR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07-1.53), and pancreatic cancer was diagnosed in 154 (0.17%) DPP-4i users versus 211 (0.24%) GLP-1RA users (OR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.11-1.69). Secondary and Conclusions: GLP-1RAs are associated with a modest but statistically significant increase in the risk of AP and pancreatic cancer compared to DPP-4i. Clinical significance: GLP-1RA use is associated with modestly increased odds ratio of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Whereas the increased risk seems modest compared to their benefits as shown in the literature, vigilance is recommended, specifically, when GLP-1RAs are used for off label indications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.