Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41476065›Full record

ArticleLight, science & applications2026

Full-parameter-modulated three-dimensional vectorial generalized vortex array.

Xue Zhang, Yang Cui, Yanjie Chen, Xiaowei Li, Junjie Li, Wenqiao Shi, Jian Chen, Zhaogang Dong, Yongtian Wang, Cheng-Wei Qiu and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Light, science & applications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xue ZhangBeijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Yang CuiBeijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Yanjie ChenBeijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
Xiaowei LiLaser Micro/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-4957
Junjie LiBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1508-9891
Wenqiao ShiDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
Jian ChenDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6770-7383
Zhaogang DongScience, Mathematics, and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-7723
Yongtian WangBeijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-0888
Cheng-Wei QiuDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117583, Singapore. chengwei.qiu@nus.edu.sg.
Shuang ZhangDepartment of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. shuzhang@hku.hk.
Lingling HuangBeijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. huanglingling@bit.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3647-2128

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) U21A20140
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Orbital angular momentum, as an important spatial degree of freedom of light, has prompted various promising applications. The recently proposed generalized vortex beams may further enhance the flexibility by utilizing customer-defined angular phase gradients, enabling intuitive graphic representation of mathematical operations and other interesting functionalities. Here, based on Dammann optimization, we propose and demonstrate a three-dimensional generalized vortex beam array using a single-layer metasurface, with all-parameter modulation including polarization, phase, angular momentum, and stereoscopic space. Furthermore, simultaneous vectorial modulation within each order can be endowed through joint optimization to achieve arbitrary polarization information distribution. This novel approach to generating the 3D generalized vortex beam array offers great flexibility in utilizing multiple degrees of freedom of light, further expanding the information capacity and spatial mode features and facilitating applications such as optical wireless broadcasting, optical communication encryption, structured beam manipulation, etc.

Identifiers

PMID41476065
PMCPMC12756242

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.