ReviewFrontiers in molecular biosciences2025
Molecular roles of microRNA-21 and exosomal miR-21 in gastrointestinal cancers: diagnostic, therapeutic, and drug resistance insights.
Review in Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular vesicles as regulators of chemotherapy resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Comparison of the diagnostic power of serum circulating miR-21, VEGF, and CA15-3 in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Unravelling the nexus of non-coding RNAs in cancer stemness and therapeutic drug resistance.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) and its exosomal variant have gained recognition as pivotal molecular contributors to the etiology and advancement of gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms, encompassing colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers. From a biosciences standpoint, miR-21 operates as a formidable oncomiR by inhibiting tumor suppressor genes, consequently fostering the dysregulated activation of crucial signaling cascades. The exosomal form of miR-21, released through tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, enhances intercellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment, influencing processes such as angiogenesis, immune evasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis. Clinically, both tissue and circulating (serum/plasma) concentrations of miR-21 exhibit substantial potential as non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection, disease stratification, and prognostic assessment in gastrointestinal malignancies. Increased levels of exosomal miR-21 are associated with diminished overall survival, lymph node dissemination, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and gemcitabine. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-21 facilitates drug resistance by inhibiting apoptotic pathways and promoting cellular longevity through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and stromal-tumor interactions. Therapeutically, bioscience-oriented strategies aimed at targeting miR-21 are currently under scrutiny to counteract chemoresistance and restore therapeutic effectiveness. These methodologies possess significant potential for applications in personalized medicine concerning gastrointestinal cancers. This review synthesizes contemporary biosciences perspectives on the molecular roles of miR-21 and exosomal miR-21, underscoring their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in gastrointestinal neoplasms. Particular emphasis is directed toward their involvement in overcoming drug resistance, thereby establishing them as promising targets for forthcoming translational oncology investigations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.