Evidence mapPaperPMID 41476918Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Efficacy and safety of insulin efsitora in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Yang Liu, Dingtao Chen, Ke He, Jichao Wei, Miao Liang, Li Han, Jingxin Li, Xuejing Li, Xianying Wang

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yang Liu *Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Dingtao Chen *School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Ke He *Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang/Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Jichao WeiDepartment of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Miao LiangDepartment of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Li HanDepartment of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Jingxin LiDepartment of Pharmacy, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Xuejing LiDepartment of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Xianying WangDepartment of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of insulin efsitora in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic search across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase from database inception through September 11, 2025. The study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that directly compared insulin efsitora with once daily basal insulin in T2D patients. Primary outcomes assessed were changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight. Methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the Cochrane Quality Assessment Tool. Data synthesis was performed using random-effects models to calculate risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD). Results: The meta-analysis incorporated six RCTs involving 4116 participants. Our findings revealed no statistically significant difference in HbA1c reduction between insulin efsitora and once daily basal insulins (MD: -0.04%; 95% CI: -0.10% to 0.02%; p = 0.78). Other outcomes, including change in body weight, body mass index changes, proportion of patients achieving HbA1c < 7%, change in fasting plasma glucose, and various hypoglycemia events (level 1, level 2, and level 3), as well as adverse events and serious adverse events, showed comparable results between the two treatments. Notably, insulin efsitora demonstrated superior performance in total daily insulin dose and time in range (70-180 mg/dL). Conclusions: Insulin efsitora demonstrates comparable efficacy and safety to once daily basal insulins in the management of T2D. However, given the limited number of RCTs available in the current evidence base, further large-scale clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings and establish more definitive conclusions.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulininsulin degludecinsulin efsitorameta-analysisrandomized controlled trialstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41476918
PMCPMC12749861

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.