Evidence mapPaperPMID 41476921Full record

Trial reportFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Telehealth insulin titration in adults with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial comparing bluetooth-enabled versus traditional glucometers.

Xia Lian, Hui Ling Liew, Ying Shan Lee, Anita Ying Lin, Eunice Yu Wen Goh, Christina Yang Hoon Goh, Hwee Chen Quek, Isaac Jun Song Tan, Helen Lim, Ying Jie Chee and 3 more

Abstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Xia LianDepartment of Nursing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Hui Ling LiewDepartment of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Ying Shan LeeDepartment of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Anita Ying LinDepartment of Nursing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Eunice Yu Wen GohDepartment of Nursing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Christina Yang Hoon GohDepartment of Nursing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Hwee Chen QuekDepartment of Nursing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Isaac Jun Song TanDepartment of Nursing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Helen LimDepartment of Nursing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Ying Jie CheeDepartment of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Zhi Han QuekDepartment of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Liang ShenBiostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Rinkoo DalanDepartment of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Blood glucose self-monitoring is crucial for individuals with diabetes mellitus and on insulin therapy to ensure safe glycemic control and optimal treatment outcomes. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Bluetooth-enabled glucometers (BTG) versus Traditional glucometers (TG) in a telehealth insulin titration program for individuals with diabetes. Methods: This 24-week, open-label, randomized controlled trial enrolled 120 participants with diabetes from a tertiary hospital. Participants, aged 21-70 years, who required either insulin initiation or intensification were randomly assigned to either the BTG or TG group. Both groups received three biweekly teleconsultations with Diabetes Nurse Educators for insulin dose adjustments, followed by two clinic visits at three-month intervals. Results: Participants were predominantly male, Chinese, and diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Both groups demonstrated significant reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) throughout the study. The TG group achieved HbA1c reductions of 2.8% at Week 12 and 3.1% at Week 24 (both Conclusion: BTG did not demonstrate glycemic superiority over TG in telehealth insulin titration; however, its association with reduced emergency department visits suggests potential benefits for healthcare utilization. Future studies should investigate the integration of BTG with comprehensive diabetes care platforms, with a focus on long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN69173566, Identifier: ISRCTN69173566.

Indexed as

Blood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinTelemedicineAdultAgedBlood GlucoseFemaleGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinblood glucose self-monitoringbluetoothdiabetes mellitusglycemic controltelehealth

Identifiers

PMID41476921
PMCPMC12747901

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.