Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41480144›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in molecular biosciences2025

Asparagine-related biomarkers and regulatory mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Jiayi Xia, Tao Cai, Peiyin Chen, Lu Gan, Bo Cao, Mingming Kong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jiayi XiaDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Tao CaiDepartment of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Peiyin ChenDepartment of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Provincial, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Lu GanDepartment of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Bo CaoDepartment of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Mingming KongOutpatient Department, The 970th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Yantai, Shandong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder. Emerging evidence suggests asparagine metabolism might play a pivotal role in T2DM, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to detect asparagine-related biomarkers and expound their functional roles in T2DM pathogenesis. Methods: Transcriptomic datasets from peripheral blood samples of T2DM patients and controls were analyzed. Differential expression analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and machine learning algorithms, followed by expression analysis across cohorts were employed to screen biomarkers. Biomarker diagnostic performance was evaluated. Functional enrichment, immune infiltration analysis, and multi-layer regulatory network construction were conducted. Drug-target interactions and molecular docking were explored to identify potential therapeutics. Results: A total of 90 candidate genes were detected. Four feature genes were screened via multi-algorithm integration. Protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP1CA) and cathepsin D (CTSD) were validated as biomarkers, showing significant upregulation in T2DM samples and high diagnostic accuracy (AUC of PPP1CA = 0.969 and CTSD = 0.984 in the training cohort, AUC of PPP1CA = 0.806 and CTSD = 0.875 in the validation cohort, respectively). Functional enrichment highlighted distinct yet complementary functional roles of PPP1CA and CTSD in T2DM progression. Immune infiltration revealed elevated activated dendritic cells, mast cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in T2DM samples, with PPP1CA and CTSD correlating significantly with these cell types. Regulatory networks identified shared transcription factors and miRNAs targeting both genes. Pharmacological screening prioritized norcantharidin and naringenin as high-affinity compounds targeting these biomarkers. Conclusion: This study identified PPP1CA and CTSD as asparagine-related biomarkers driving immune-metabolic crosstalk in T2DM. The príicted regulatory networks and therapeutic compounds provided novel insights into T2DM mechanisms and potential intervention strategies.

Indexed as

asparaginecathepsin Dimmune infiltrationprotein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alphatype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41480144
PMCPMC12753446

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.