ArticleWorld journal of gastrointestinal oncology2025
Tumor-resident microorganisms as clinical biomarkers in primary liver cancer: A systematic review of current evidence.
Article in World journal of gastrointestinal oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHepatic malignancies represent the sixth most prevalent cancer globally, with emerging evidence revealing that intratumoral microbes actively modulate carcinogenesis through immunomodulation and metabolic reprogramming. Recent high-throughput sequencing technologies have identified taxonomically diverse microbial communities within tumor tissues, challenging traditional sterility paradigms. Germ-free mouse models have established causal relationships between gut microbiota and hepatocarcinogenesis. However, comprehensive evaluation of intratumoral microbiota as clinical biomarkers remains limited, necessitating systematic analysis of their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications in hepatic malignancies.
aimTo systematically analyze intratumoral microbes as biomarkers for hepatic malignancies diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response.
methodsWe conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed from inception to July 2025 using keywords combining hepatic malignancies, intratumoral microbiota, and biomarkers. Inclusion criteria encompassed human studies examining intratumoral microbial communities with biomarker applications. Exclusion criteria included animal-only studies, reviews, and research focusing solely on gut microbiota. Data extraction focused on diagnostic accuracy, prognostic significance, therapeutic predictions, and underlying mechanisms. Study quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, with scores ≥ 7 indicating high quality.
resultsTwenty studies (sample sizes: 18-925 patients) examining hepatocellular carcinoma (80%) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (20%) were included. All studies achieved Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores ≥ 6, with 60% scoring the maximum 9 points, indicating moderate-to-high quality. Studies predominantly employed 16S rRNA sequencing (100%) targeting V3-V4 regions, with complementary validation techniques including fluorescence
conclusionIntratumoral microbes represent promising clinical biomarkers for hepatic malignancies across diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. While standardization and multicenter validation remain essential prerequisites, mechanistic evidence from human and experimental studies positions microbiome-based biomarkers at the threshold of clinical translation.
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