Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41480362›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Inulin and

Haixia Lu, Hongyan Luo, Peiling Li, Yan Yang, Shilu Cao, Yanfang Zhang, Hongxia Ma, Qian Zhao, Yali Zheng, Hao Wang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Haixia Lu *Nutritional Department, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, The Third Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Hongyan Luo *Nephrology Department, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Third Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Peiling Li *General Practice, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Third Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Yan YangInfectious Diseases Department, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Third Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Shilu CaoNephrology Department, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Third Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Yanfang ZhangPublic Health Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Third Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Hongxia MaNephrology Department, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Third Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Qian ZhaoNutritional Department, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, The Third Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Yali ZhengNephrology Department, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the Third Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Hao WangDepartment of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that poses a serious threat to health. Currently, there are no completely effective treatment options. Modulating intestinal flora and its metabolites may represent a promising new approach for diabetes therapy. Regulating intestinal microbiota and its metabolites through prebiotics, mediated by regulatory T (Treg) cells, could offer a novel strategy to improve the chronic inflammatory state associated with diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the improvement of diabetes-related chronic inflammation by examining the effects of inulin (INU) and Methods: A diabetic rat model was established using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), T2DM with INU group (T2DM + INU), T2DM with LBP group (T2DM + LBP), and T2DM with INU and LBP group (T2DM + INU + LBP). After 8 weeks of intervention, the rats were euthanized, and relevant pathophysiological and biochemical indicators were analyzed. Results: INU and LBP treatments significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including MCP-1, IL-18, NF-κB, NLRP3, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, these alleviations of the inflammatory state of diabetes were partially attributed to the increased proportion of Treg cells. We found that the abundance of tauro β-muricholic acid (TβMCA) was reduced following INU and LBP treatment, whereas the relative abundances of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and hyocholic acid (HCA) were all increased compared to those in the untreated group. Mechanically, INU and LBP significantly influenced the negative feedback regulation of the FXR-FGF15-FGFR4 axis via intestinal bile acids, thereby increasing the proportion of Treg cells in the periphery of diabetic rats. Intriguingly, an increase in Treg cells after INU and LBP intervention was notably correlated with the improvement in the inflammatory state of diabetes. Conclusions: INU and LBP modulate bile acids derived from intestinal flora to improve the chronic inflammatory status of diabetic rats. Specifically, both exert their effectiveness by regulating gut microbial bile acid metabolites through the FXR-FGF15-FGFR4 axis to activate Treg cells. These findings provide an experimental basis for further exploration of the mechanism underlying the effects of this combination in diabetic animal models, which may contribute to clinical therapeutic practice for the control of the disease.

Indexed as

Bile Acids and SaltsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drugs, Chinese HerbalInulinLyciumAnimalsDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalDisease Models, AnimalGastrointestinal MicrobiomeInflammationMaleMalondialdehydePolysaccharidesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySuperoxide DismutaseBile Acids and SaltsDrugs, Chinese HerbalInulinlycium barbarum polysaccharideMalondialdehydePolysaccharidesSuperoxide Dismutasebile acidsFXR-FGF15-FGFR4 axisinulinLycium barbarum polysaccharidesTreg cellstype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41480362
PMCPMC12753379

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.