ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026
GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with cancer are associated with reduced all-cause mortality and hospitalization.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are associated with cardiac, cancer- and mortality-related benefits in diabetic patients treated with anthracyclines.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- Orforglipron: A Comprehensive Review of an Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The central role of IL-6 in the differential effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and metformin across multiple health conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been reported to decrease cancer incidence, but less is known about their potential in patients with active cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that GLP-1RAs inhibit progression of solid tumor malignancies via downregulation of cellular proliferation pathways and improved glycemic control. Despite these promising findings, studies characterizing the effects of GLP-1RAs in patients with active cancer are limited.
objectiveTo evaluate the effects of GLP-1RAs on mortality and hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes and active cancer compared to those receiving metformin.
methodsUsing TriNetX, a global database comprising more than 120 million patients, we identified an overall cohort of 3747 patients with type 2 diabetes who received GLP-1RAs within 3 months of starting systemic therapy and identified 52 061 patients receiving metformin in the same timeframe as a control cohort. Additional subanalyses stratified patients by glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) range, obesity, and by participants "newly started" on their first instance of GLP-1 RA within 3 months of starting cancer treatment.
resultsPatients receiving GLP-1RAs had significantly reduced mortality both in the overall monotherapy setting (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.875; 95% CI, 0.778-0.985; P = .0268) and the new-start setting (HR: 0.786; 95% CI, 0.662-0.934; P = .0062) cohorts. Secondary analyses found lower rates of all-cause hospitalization, sepsis, major adverse cardiovascular events, pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia in patients on GLP-1RAs. Subanalyses stratified by body mass index and HbA1c did not meet statistical significance.
conclusionPatients with diabetes and cancer who received GLP-1RAs experienced superior survival outcomes and reduced rates of hospitalization compared to patients receiving metformin. Additionally, patients already on metformin and newly started on GLP-1RAs demonstrated superior survival outcomes compared to patients newly started on insulin. Further prospective, well-controlled studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of GLP-1RAs in patients with diabetes and cancer.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.