ArticleProtoplasma2026
Elucidating brassinosteroid-mediated regulation of natural rubber biosynthesis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz through integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.
Article in Protoplasma, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs), a class of plant sterol hormones, regulate both secondary metabolite production and plant growth and development. Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS), one of the most important rubber-producing plants, accumulates substantial natural rubber in its roots. The biosynthesis of natural rubber is modulated by plant hormones such as brassinosteroids and ethylene, yet the regulatory framework governing natural rubber production in TKS remains poorly understood. In this study, TKS was used as experimental material to examine the relationship between rubber yield and different concentrations of BR solution. Following treatment with the optimal BR concentration, plants were subjected to varying durations of exposure and analyzed using combined transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. The results demonstrated that BR significantly increased rubber production in TKS. Maximum productivity was achieved at a BR concentration of 0.1 mg/L, which enhanced rubber yield by 22.4% compared to the CK group. Transcriptional analysis revealed that BR treatment triggered a dynamic transcriptional response in the rubber biosynthesis pathway. Key enzyme genes (including AACT, HMGR, HMGS, MVK, PK, CMK, DXS, REF, CPT, and SRPP) were initially significantly upregulated at early stages, followed by a subsequent downregulation and later upregulation for most of them, indicating a complex temporal pattern of pathway activation. Temporal metabolomic profiling revealed that BR enhance natural rubber biosynthesis in rubber grass by orchestrating a coordinated metabolic reprogramming. This process is characterized by the accumulation of key intermediates (e.g., 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate and 3-Hydroxy-3-methylpentane-1,5-dioic acid) and the sequential bolstering of precursor supply, redox homeostasis, and energy provision. This metabolic evidence strongly supports the transcriptomic data indicating BR-mediated upregulation of the rubber synthesis pathway. This study advances our understanding of BR’s regulatory role in natural rubber biosynthesis and provides valuable experimental insights for improving rubber production in practical applications.
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