ArticleGenome biology2026
The repetitive genome of the Ixodes ricinus tick reveals transposable elements have driven genome evolution in ticks.
Article in Genome biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contrasting epigenetics of Ixodes scapularis populations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ticks: Biology, Habitat, Threats and Protection Methods.Biology · 2026Review
- Genome-wide insights into genetic diversity of endemic and non-endemic Ixodes ricinus populations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The genome of the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis).G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Duplex PCR assay to determine sex and mating status of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae), vector of the Lyme disease pathogen.Journal of medical entomology · 2025Article
- The Genome of the American Dog Tick (bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTicks are obligate blood-feeding parasites associated with a huge diversity of diseases globally. The hard tick Ixodes ricinus is the key vector of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis in Western Eurasia. Ixodes ticks have large and repetitive genomes that are not yet well characterized.
resultsHere we generate two high-quality I. ricinus genome assemblies, with haploid genome assembly sizes of approximately 2.15 Gbp. We find transposable elements comprise at least 69% of the two I. ricinus genome assemblies, amongst the highest proportions found in animals. The transposable elements in ticks are highly diverse and novel, so we constructed a repeat library for ticks using our I. ricinus genome assemblies and the high-quality genome assembly of I. scapularis, another major tick vector of Lyme borreliosis. To understand the impact of transposable elements on tick genomes we compared their accumulation in the two Ixodes sister species. We find transposable elements in these two species to have distinctive post-speciation patterns, suggesting transposable elements are drivers of genome evolution in ticks.
conclusionsThe I. ricinus genome assemblies and our tick repeat library will be valuable resources for biological insights into these important ectoparasites. Our findings highlight that further research into the impact of transposable elements on the genomes of blood-feeding parasites is required.
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