Evidence mapPaperPMID 41484657Full record

ArticleOdontology2026

Determination of prognostic parameters with impact on disease-free survival rate of patients treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma: a look at a few confounding variables.

Neha Kannan, S Gheena, Pratibha Ramani, K Hema Shree

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Odontology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Neha KannanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
S GheenaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India. gheens@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4448-0491
Pratibha RamaniDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
K Hema ShreeDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) poses a significant health concern, necessitating early prognostic studies for effective treatment planning. Traditional TNM staging has proven inadequate, prompting a need for deeper understanding of biological markers. This study evaluates the prognostic value of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained Depth of Invasion (DOI) compared to immunohistochemical (IHC) assessments, focusing on correlations with neck node positivity, tumor thickness, staging, perineural invasion, tumor budding, and patient survival rates. We analyzed 102 histologically confirmed OSCC cases, investigating the relationship between histological DOI, tumor budding, tumor thickness, staging, perineural invasion, recurrence, and survival. Additionally, 15 cases with borderline DOI were subjected to H&E staining and IHC to evaluate the necessity of IHC in DOI prediction. Depth of invasion (DOI) showed significant associations with tumor site (p = 0.007), tumor thickness (p = 0.000), tumor size (p = 0.000), nodal involvement (p = 0.000), perineural invasion (p = 0.001), survival (p = 0.000), and recurrence rate (p = 0.001), underscoring its role in tumor progression and prognosis. IHC demonstrated increased DOI in some cases, leading to upgraded staging and treatment changes. The association of tumor budding with various clinicopathological parameters was evaluated, showing significant correlations. Tumor budding showed significant associations with depth of invasion (p = 0.000), tumor thickness (p = 0.000), tumor size (p = 0.000), nodal involvement (p = 0.000), perineural invasion (p = 0.000), survival (p = 0.000), and recurrence rate (p = 0.003). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed lower survival rates for higher-risk patients. Histopathological analysis facilitates the classification of OSCC patients into high and low-risk groups, allowing for customized treatment strategies. Integrating histomorphologic factors with TNM staging, using H&E and IHC evaluations, can enhance OSCC prognosis accuracy, guide tailored treatments, and improve patient survival outcomes. The study was approved by the institutional review board (SRB/ SDC/ OPATH-2103/24/026).

Indexed as

Depth of invasionImmunohistochemistryOSCCPrognostic parametersTumor budding

Identifiers

PMID41484657

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.