ReviewBone research2026
The roles of the nerve-immune axis in modulating bone regeneration.
Review in Bone research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- A mild photothermal-mediated neuroimmunomodulatory composite hydrogel reverses the inflammatory osteoclast precursor phenotype to promote osteoporotic bone defect healing.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune Regulation in Posttraumatic Bone Repair: From Inflammatory Transition to Neurovascular Coupling and Functional Recovery.Journal of cellular physiology · 2026Review
- Advances of piezoelectric biomaterials in bone defect repair: The role of direct and inverse piezoelectric effect.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Immunoengineering in the field of tendon and bone regeneration: immunomodulatory biomaterials, delivery platforms, and preclinical models for chronic diseases.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Sympathetic regulation of bone homeostasis and remodeling: molecular mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-Bone Cell Interactions Drive Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Mechanical Loading.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Huoxue Jiegu compound capsule accelerates tibial fracture healing via angiogenesis-driven repair mechanisms.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune regulation of post-traumatic bone regeneration: focus on inflammatory switching and functional recovery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-based strategies for periprosthetic joint infection: from osteoimmune mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bone is highly innervated, and its regeneration is significantly nerve-dependent. Extensive evidence suggests that the nervous system plays an active role in bone metabolism and development by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast activity. However, the majority of research to date has focused on the direct effects of peripheral nerves and their neurotransmitters on bone regeneration. Emerging studies have begun to reveal a more intricate role of nerves in regulating the immune microenvironment, which is crucial for bone regeneration. This review summarizes how nerves influence bone regeneration through modulation of the immune microenvironment. We first discuss the changes in peripheral nerves during the regenerative process. We then describe conduction and paracrine pathways through which nerves affect the osteogenic immune microenvironment, emphasizing nerves, neural factors, and their impacts. Our goal is to deepen the understanding of the nerve-immune axis in bone regeneration. A better grasp of how nerves influence the osteogenic immune microenvironment may lead to new strategies that integrate the nervous, immune, and skeletal systems to promote bone regeneration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.