Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41486387›Full record

ReviewNano-micro letters2026

Microscale Architectures for Intelligent Soft Robotics: From Functional Microneedles to Biointegrated Wearable Systems.

Xin Li, Ran Xu, Chenchen Xie, Zhixing Ge, Bingbing Gao, Chwee Teck Lim

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nano-micro letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xin LiCollege of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
Ran XuSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
Chenchen XieSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
Zhixing GeDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore. gzx-01@nus.edu.sg.
Bingbing GaoCollege of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China. gaobb@njtech.edu.cn.
Chwee Teck LimInstitute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soft robots, characterized by compliance, adaptability, and multimodal responsiveness, represent a rapidly advancing frontier in biomedical applications, wearable technologies, and environmental exploration. This review summarizes recent progress in soft robotics with a focus on material innovation, structural design, functional integration, and intelligent responsiveness. Emphasis is placed on the development of bioinspired and stimuli-responsive materials, the construction of modular and reconfigurable architectures, and the integration of actuation, sensing, and energy systems. Microneedle array-based soft robots and hydrogel-based 4D-printed systems are introduced as representative platforms for drug delivery, wound healing, and environmental monitoring. Key challenges, including limited durability, power autonomy, and multifunctional synergy, are critically analyzed in relation to practical operation and long-term reliability. Future directions involve the convergence of self-healing materials, intelligent control algorithms, and multiscale integration strategies to achieve enhanced adaptability and clinical translation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary development of next-generation soft robots that bridge materials science, biomedical engineering, and intelligent systems, paving the way toward real-world applications.

Indexed as

4D-printed hydrogelsMicroneedle arraysSoft roboticsStimuli-responsive materials

Identifiers

PMID41486387
PMCPMC12765782

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.