Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41486975›Full record

Trial reportJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2026

Vitamin D supplementation in the first 2 years and autism spectrum traits at 6-8 years - a randomized clinical trial.

Samuel Sandboge, Vilja Seppälä, Sakari Lintula, Elisa Holmlund-Suila, Helena Hauta-Alus, Eero Kajantie, Outi Mäkitie, Sture Andersson, Katri Räikkönen, Kati Heinonen

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Samuel SandbogePsychology/Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-1354-4026
Vilja SeppäläPsychology/Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Sakari LintulaPsychology/Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Elisa Holmlund-SuilaChildren's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Helena Hauta-AlusPopulation Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland.
Eero KajantiePopulation Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland.
Outi MäkitieChildren's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Sture AnderssonChildren's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Katri RäikkönenDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Kati HeinonenPsychology/Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-1262-5599

Funding

Academy of Finland 323910Academy of Finland 355565Finska LäkaresällskapetJuho Vainion SäätiöLastentautien TutkimussäätiöNovo Nordisk FondenSigne ja Ane Gyllenbergin SäätiöSigrid Juséliuksen SäätiöSpecial Governmental Subsidy for Clinical ResearchSuomen Lääketieteen Säätiö 6838Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö 20227573Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö 20247839
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEarly life vitamin D levels may be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related traits, but causality is unknown. We examine whether higher-than-standard vitamin D

methodsThis secondary analysis of the double-blind randomized clinical trial vitamin D intervention in infants (VIDI) comprised 366 Finnish children aged 6-8 years, 177 of whom were randomized to receive 400-IU and 189 to receive 1,200-IU daily oral vitamin D

resultsNone of the predictor variables of interest were associated with the outcome in the full sample. After sex stratification, among boys, 25(OH)D concentrations at 1 and 2 years were inversely associated with ASSQ scores (mean difference -0.2 of normalized SD score (95% CI -0.3 to -0.1, p = .003) and -0.2 (95% CI -0.3 to -0.05, p = .01) per 10 ng/mL 25(OH)D) after adjustment for age, breastfeeding, parental education, maternal depressive symptoms, and season of 25(OH)D assessment as was belonging to the higher 25(OH)D trajectory, -0.45 SD (95% CI -0.79 to -0.10, p = .01).

conclusionsWe found no indication that higher-than-normal vitamin D

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderCholecalciferolDietary SupplementsVitamin DVitaminsChildChild, PreschoolDouble-Blind MethodFemaleFinlandHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePregnancy25-hydroxyvitamin DCholecalciferolVitamin DVitaminsautism spectrum disorderneurodevelopmentrandomized clinical trialVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID41486975
PMCPMC13265620

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.