Evidence mapPaperPMID 41487336Full record

ArticleJournal of medical cases2026

Cyclophosphamide for the Treatment of Refractory Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome Following CD19-Targeted CAR T-Cell Therapy.

Austin Frisch, Loren Marino, Deena Alsaadi, Aditya Kasarabada, Gwen Hua, Germame Ajebo, Stephen Medlin, Zartash Gul

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical cases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Austin FrischDepartment of Internal Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Center, Falls Church, VA, USA.
Loren MarinoUniversity of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Deena AlsaadiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Inova Fairfax Medical Center, Falls Church, VA, USA.
Aditya KasarabadaDepartment of Medical Critical Care Services, Inova Fairfax Medical Center, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Gwen HuaInova Schar Cancer Center, Inova Fairfax Medical Center, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Germame AjeboInova Schar Cancer Center, Inova Fairfax Medical Center, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Stephen MedlinInova Schar Cancer Center, Inova Fairfax Medical Center, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Zartash GulInova Schar Cancer Center, Inova Fairfax Medical Center, Fairfax, VA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a serious complication of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While corticosteroids and anakinra are cornerstones of treatment, a subset of patients develop severe, steroid-refractory ICANS, highlighting a critical need for more effective therapies. We present the case of a 51-year-old male with relapsed/refractory Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) who developed grade 4 ICANS following brexucabtagene autoleucel CAR-T therapy. His neurotoxicity was refractory to high-dose corticosteroids, anakinra, and intrathecal chemotherapy. Following administration of low-dose cyclophosphamide (375 mg/m

Indexed as

CAR-TCyclophosphamideICANSNeurotoxicity

Identifiers

PMID41487336
PMCPMC12758060

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.