Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41487521›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025

Therapeutic trough mycophenolic acid levels positively correlate with omega-3 fatty acids in leukocytes of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. a pilot study.

Stefano Turolo, Alberto Edefonti, Marie-Louise Syren, Anita S Bellotti, William Morello, Federica Collino, Carlo Agostoni, Giovanni Montini

Abstract read
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Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Stefano TuroloFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Milan, Italy.
Alberto EdefontiFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Milan, Italy.
Marie-Louise SyrenDipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2023-2027, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
Anita S BellottiFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Milan, Italy.
William MorelloFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Milan, Italy.
Federica CollinoDipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2023-2027, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
Carlo AgostoniDipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2023-2027, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
Giovanni MontiniFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in most pediatric cases involves immune cell dysfunction, mediated, among other factors, by biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids -dependent compounds in the blood and cell membranes. The immunosuppressive drug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is commonly used to maintain remission in patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of trough blood mycophenolic acid (MPA) levels on the endoleukocyte fatty acid omega-3 and omega-6 series. Eighteen pediatric subjects with INS were enrolled, including 12 steroid-sensitive and 6 steroid-resistant children. Fatty acid (FA) profile was analyzed by gas-chromatography, and MPA blood level was evaluated by immunometric assay. Among steroid-sensitive patients, a positive correlation was observed between endoleukocyte omega-3 FA (n-3) and trough blood MPA levels, and a negative correlation was found between endoleukocyte omega-6 FA (n-6) and trough blood MPA levels. In addition, a positive correlation was found between endoleukocyte anti-inflammatory DHA and trough blood MPA levels. In contrast, in steroid-resistant subjects no correlation between endoleukocyte n-6/n-3 ratio and trough blood MPA levels was observed. In conclusion, adequate trough MPA drug levels may have contributed to switch the FA pathway to a more favorable endoleukocyte n-6/n-3 ratio and DHA levels, possibly supporting the natural anti-inflammatory activities of n-3 FA. In steroid-resistant NS, despite adequate MPA levels, no promotion of the anti-inflammatory activity of the n-3 series was found.

Indexed as

fatty acidsleukocytemycophenolic acidnephrotic syndromeomega-3pediatrics

Identifiers

PMID41487521
PMCPMC12756141

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.