ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
Dietary B-complex vitamins and sleep quality in relation to cognitive impairment among older adults: non-linear associations and evidence of additive interaction.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Global dementia cases are projected to reach 152.8 million by 2050, with China accounting for approximately 25% of cases. While B-complex vitamins and sleep quality are established modifiable determinants of cognitive health, their potential synergistic effects on cognitive function remain unexplored, particularly in rapidly aging populations. Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, we analyzed baseline data from 8,806 adults aged ≥65 years in the Shanghai Aging and Retirement Evaluation Survey (January-May 2024). Dietary B-complex vitamins intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination, with scores ≤ 24 indicating cognitive impairment. We examined non-linear relationships using restricted cubic splines analysis and assessed independent associations using multivariate logistic regression. Both multiplicative and additive interactions were evaluated using cross-product terms and three additive interaction indices. Findings: Among 8,806 participants, 677 (7.69%) had cognitive impairment. Higher intake of vitamin B6, B12, and folate showed L-shaped associations with reduced cognitive impairment risk, while PSQI scores demonstrated J-shaped relationships. Compared with lowest quartiles, participants in highest quartiles of vitamin B6, B12, and folate intake had lower odds of cognitive impairment (adjusted OR 0.33 [95% CI: 0.25-0.43], 0.43 [95% CI: 0.33-0.55], and 0.33 [95% CI: 0.25-0.43], respectively; all Interpretation: Our findings reveal a synergistic association of adequate B-complex vitamins intake and good sleep quality with a lower prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults, suggesting that integrated interventions targeting both nutritional and sleep factors might be more effective than single-domain approaches in preserving cognitive health during aging.
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