Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41488355›Full record

ArticleiScience2025

Noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation for eye diseases and visual dysfunctions: A systematic review of RCTs.

Qian Zhang, Haiyang Zhang, Xiaolong Shi, Jipeng Li, Cong Wang, Huifang Zhou, Chunlei Shan

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Qian ZhangSchool of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Haiyang ZhangState Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xiaolong ShiSchool of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jipeng LiState Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Cong WangDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Huifang ZhouState Key Laboratory of Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Chunlei ShanSchool of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for eye diseases and visual dysfunctions. This systematic review evaluates the evidence from 23 randomized controlled trials examining the application of NTBS, including transcranial electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, in conditions such as amblyopia, myopia, visual field defects, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and blepharospasm. Studies assessed outcomes such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual perception, with variable effects observed across trials. Most studies reported no serious adverse events, indicating that NTBS is safe and feasible. However, conclusive evidence regarding its efficacy remains elusive due to varied interventions, inconsistent outcome measures, and methodological limitations. Future research with higher methodological rigor is needed to optimize stimulation parameters and explore integration with adjunctive therapies.

Indexed as

Health sciencesInternal medicineMedical specialtyMedicineNeurology

Identifiers

PMID41488355
PMCPMC12756573

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.