ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026
Cell senescence-related pathogenic genes in sleep disorders: a multi-omics Mendelian randomization study.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesSleep disorders are multifactorial conditions influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, the causal roles of specific cellular senescence-related genes in distinct sleep disorders subtypes remain unclear. This study aimed to dissect these relationships by integrating multi-omics data to identify potential causal pathways in sleep apnea and insomnia.
methodsWe conducted a multi-stage Mendelian randomization (SMR) study. We first performed an exploratory SMR analysis integrating a comprehensive list of senescence-related genes with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for a broad sleep disorders phenotype from the FinnGen consortium. To address phenotype heterogeneity, we then performed in-depth, phenotype-specific SMR analyses for sleep apnea and insomnia, integrating data across three molecular levels: DNA methylation (mQTL), gene expression (eQTL), and protein abundance (pQTL). Significant findings were validated using colocalization, HEIDI tests, replication cohorts, and two-sample MR sensitivity analyses.
resultsOur discovery analysis on broad sleep disorders phenotype identified several candidate genes. Subsequent phenotype-specific analyses revealed distinct genetic architectures. Genetically predicted lower CTSB expression was associated with a reduced risk of sleep apnea (OR = 0.943, 95% CI = 0.905-0.983, P = 0.006, FDR = 0.23) a finding potentially mediated by methylation at cg19746565. Furthermore, SIRT6 emerged as a shared risk factor. Genetically predicted higher SIRT6 expression was associated with an increased risk of both sleep apnea (OR = 1.279, 95% CI = 1.124-1.456, P = 0.0002, FDR = 0.06) and insomnia (OR = 1.573, 95% CI = 1.099-2.251, P = 0.013, FDR = 0.61), with its effect on insomnia being validated in brain hypothalamus tissue.
conclusionsOur multi-omics MR analysis has identified BLK, CTSB, TP53INP1, DNMT3A, ITPR1, and SLC16A7 as pivotal factors in the pathogenesis of sleep disorders. These findings provide a foundation for innovative early interventions and therapeutic strategies for sleep disorders.
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