ArticleJournal of neurology2026
Serum Galectin-3 as a biomarker in acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathies: a cohort study.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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- Erratum issued
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsGuillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) refers to a group of acute inflammatory polyradiculopathies characterized by a diffuse inflammatory attack on the peripheral nervous system, often triggered by a preceding infection. Despite significant progress in both diagnosis and treatment, only a few prognostic systems and useful biomarker have been proposed. In this study, we propose galectin-3 (Gal-3), a novel serum molecule identified expressed by Schwann cells and macrophages, as a potential biomarker with both prognostic and diagnostic significance in patients with GBS.
methodsSerum levels of Gal-3 and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured using the Simple Plex cartridge-based immunoassay on the Ella platform (ProteinSimple, San Jose, CA, USA) in serum samples from a cohort of patients with GBS (n = 19) and in a validation cohort of healthy control subjects (n = 13). We also collected data on clinical history and patient outcomes to assess the potential utility of Gal-3 as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker.
resultsGal-3 levels were significantly higher in patients with GBS (median: 7041 pg/mL; IQR: 5576-8561) compared to healthy controls (median: 5030 pg/mL; IQR: 3877-5998; p < 0.05). Within the GBS cohort, Gal-3 levels were significantly elevated in patients with the axonal variant compared to those with the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) variant (median: 8561 pg/mL vs. median: 5998 pg/mL, p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between serum Gal-3 levels and NfL levels (ρ = 0.47; p < 0.05). In multivariate logistic regression, log-transformed Gal-3 remained significantly associated with the axonal variant of GBS after adjustment for age at sampling, presence of diarrhea, GBS Disability Score at admission, and log-transformed NfL (β = 3.5, OR = 33, p = 0.048). In ROC curve analysis, Gal-3 demonstrated good discriminatory performance between axonal GBS and AIDP (AUC = 0.84), outperforming NfL (AUC = 0.76). Gal-3 threshold of 6457.5 pg/mL was identified, yielding 100% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity for distinguishing axonal GBS, whereas an NfL threshold of 177.5 pg/mL achieved 83% sensitivity and 84% specificity.
conclusionIn our cohort, Gal-3 was associated with both diagnostic and prognostic features in patients with GBS. These findings suggest that Gal-3 may serve as a potential biomarker for differentiating axonal subtypes within the GBS spectrum. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to elucidate the cellular source and pathophysiological role of Gal-3 in acute inflammatory polyneuropathies, as well as to evaluate its feasibility and clinical applicability as a biomarker in GBS.
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