Translating Science to Improve Health-a Report from the "Agriculture and Diet: Value Added for Nutrition, Translation, and Adaptation in a Global Ecology" (ADVANTAGE) Project Working Group 5.

Transforming food systems to improve health amidst accelerating climate and environmental change is a critical global challenge. This paper addresses the imperative and complexity of translating scientific evidence into actionable policies and practices at the climate-food-health nexus. We propose a conceptual and operational framework grounded in ecological systems thinking, highlighting the interdependencies across biological, social, and economic domains. Drawing on existing translational science models from public health, environmental health, and convergent food systems research, we distill 5 core principles for effective translation: 1) integration of transdisciplinary evidence across scales; 2) early and sustained engagement with policymakers, practitioners, and affected communities; 3) contextually nuanced application of evidence; 4) systematic identification of tradeoffs, conflicts of interest, and unintended consequences; and 5) strategic communication that bridges knowledge and action. To illustrate these principles, we analyze 5 case studies spanning local, national, and global contexts. Each illustrates the pragmatic and political dimensions of evidence translation, including stakeholder alignment, data infrastructure, and institutional leadership. This paper underscores the need for adaptive governance, cross-sectoral convergence, and innovative implementation science to advance food systems that are resilient, equitable, and sustainable. Our recommendations are intended to inform researchers, decision-makers, and practitioners seeking to enact evidence-informed change in dynamic sociopolitical environments and diverse food systems contexts.