Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41490792›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of school health2026

Synthetic Cannabinoid Use and Sports-Related Concussion Risk Among US Adolescents: Implications for School Health Screening and Prevention.

Saurabh Kalra, Nandakumar Nagaraja, Deepak Kalra

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of school health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Saurabh KalraMiller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0398-6384
Nandakumar NagarajaCollege of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
Deepak KalraCleveland Clinic, Weston, Florida, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs), such as Spice and K2, appeal to adolescents because they are inexpensive and often evade standard drug tests. We assessed associations between SC use and sports-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) among US adolescents.

methodsWe analyzed nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 2017-2021 (n = 27,482). Sports-related TBIs were defined as self-reported concussion in the past year. SC use was defined as lifetime use. Weighted multivariable logistic regression assessed the associations, adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors.

resultsOverall, 6.0% reported SC use, and 13% reported a sports-related TBI. TBI prevalence was higher among SC users (22.9%) than non-users (12.4%). SC use was associated with increased odds of a sports-related TBI (AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.30-1.70). Other significant predictors included boys vs. girls (AOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28-1.49), Black race vs. White (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13-1.40), current alcohol use (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.61-1.91), marijuana use (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28), depressive symptoms (AOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.32), and suicidal ideation (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.25). IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: Incorporating SC-use screening into sports physicals and improving equitable access to concussion education may help reduce preventable injuries.

conclusionsSC use is associated with elevated sports-related concussion risk among adolescents.

Indexed as

Athletic InjuriesBrain ConcussionCannabinoidsAdolescentFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsRisk-TakingSchool Health ServicesUnited StatesCannabinoidsadolescent healthschool‐based screeningsports injurysubstance use preventionsynthetic cannabinoidstraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID41490792
PMCPMC12768592

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.