ArticleBMC nursing2026
Causes of workplace violence against nurses and strategies for its prevention in developed countries: a scoping review.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of the Nurses' Attitudes Toward Violence by Patients and Patients' Relatives Scale: A Methodological Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Pro-Safe Work Training (PSWT) and perception of workplace safety among undergraduate nursing students: a mental health perspective.BMC nursing · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWorkplace violence refers to incidents in which individuals are subjected to abuse, misconduct, or threats in professional settings, endangering their health, safety, and well-being. Violence against nurses has reached high levels in recent years. This study aimed to identify the causes of violence against nurses and effective strategies for its prevention in developed countries.
methodsThis scoping review was conducted in 2024 following the PRISMA-ScR guideline. A comprehensive search was performed across international databases of PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Web of Science that covering studies published between 2003 and 2024. The search strategy combined keywords and MeSH terms related to "nurses" and "violence". Data extraction was completed using a structured form, and thematic content analysis was employed to synthesize the findings.
resultsFrom 2658 identified records, 414 duplicates were removed. After screening and reviewing the full-texts, 114 studies were included. The causes of violence against nurses were categorized into five domains: individuals-level factors related to patients and companions, also staff-related factors, organizational factors, social determinants, and political drivers. Interventions for violence reduction were classified across three stages of before, during, and after violent incidents and addressed individual, organizational, social, and policy levels.
conclusionThe findings demonstrate that workplace violence against nurses is a multifactorial issue driven by individual factors related to patients and healthcare staff, as well as broader organizational, social, and political determinants. In sum, creating safer work environments for nurses requires a coordinated, multi-level approach that addresses both immediate risks and the underlying structural drivers of violence. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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