ReviewCell communication and signaling : CCS2026
Targeting T cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer: emerging roles of LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT signaling in overcoming immunotherapy resistance.
Review in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- PRDM1 Drives a TIM3+ Macrophage Immunosuppressive Niche via LGALS9 Signaling in Prostate Cancer Progression.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Colorectal cancer liver metastasis: immunosuppressive microenvironment, signaling pathways, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The tumor immune microenvironment of thyroid cancer and colorectal cancer: cellular crosstalk and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy Resistance in dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer: Unraveling Mechanisms and Exploring Overcoming Strategies.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Exhaustion of T cells, characterized by their compromised function and cytokine production, was first discovered in chronic infections and later redefined in the context of immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment (TME). Exhaustion markers include the immune checkpoints PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3, and TIGIT. Colorectal cancer (CRC), which ranks among the highest in global prevalence, has been associated with exhaustion of T cells. While many trials have focused on anti-PD1 therapeutics in clinical trials, results indicate suboptimal efficacy. A robust approach involved dual blockade of other immune checkpoints together with PD-1. Interestingly, novel exhaustion markers could be used as prognostic markers for the development and progression of CRC. The present work discusses the basics of T cell exhaustion markers and their signaling in CRC. Also, novel combination therapy approaches and challenges in the field are discussed.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.