Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41494534›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

Restoring immune homeostasis in atherosclerotic plaques via inorganic violet phosphorus nano-immunotherapy.

Wanqin Zeng, Yingjun Fan, Chaohua Wang, Shuping Yang, Junchao Xu, Caijin Wang, Hucheng Chang, Yaoyao Luo, Shengbin Liu, Zhongshan He

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wanqin ZengDepartment of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
Yingjun FanDepartment of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China.
Chaohua WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
Shuping YangInstitute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China.
Junchao XuDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Caijin WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
Hucheng ChangDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
Yaoyao LuoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
Shengbin LiuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
Zhongshan HeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Cardiac Structure and Function, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA. Electronic address: zhongshan_he@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by immune cell interactions within plaques. Nanotherapeutics targeting immune regulation offer potential for atherosclerosis treatment. However, current nanotherapies mainly focus on modulating individual immune subsets and rarely examine cross-cell anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms. Here, we develop an inorganic nanoparticle platform (PEGylated violet phosphorus nanosheets [VPNS@P]) that efficiently accumulates in the immune microenvironment of atherosclerotic plaques, particularly in macrophages and monocytes and partly T/B cells, with minimal off-target uptake. The VPNS@P platform substantially reduces plaque areas and improves plaque stability in atherosclerotic mice without observed side effects. Importantly, we unravel the underlying mechanisms of VPNS@P in atherosclerosis treatment through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and experimental verification to suppress inflammation and enhance immunity, demonstrating that it effectively modulates four key immune cell populations within plaques. Additionally, VPNS@P reshapes intercellular communication among immune cells, revealing therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. This study reveals an immune-modulating nanotherapy for atherosclerosis, highlighting the potential in treating inflammatory diseases.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisHomeostasisImmunotherapyNanoparticlesPhosphorusPlaque, AtheroscleroticAnimalsHumansMacrophagesMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMonocytesPhosphorusatherosclerosisnano-immunotherapysingle-cell sequencingviolet phosphorus nanosheets

Identifiers

PMID41494534
PMCPMC12866099

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.