Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41495653›Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2026

High incidence of post-discharge cardiovascular mortality after COVID-19 hospitalization: a data-linkage study in Southern Iran.

Alireza Heiran, Amir Askarinejad, Sarvin Sasannia, Mana Moghadami, Foozhan Vaziri, Armin Naderi, Amirhossein Akbari Dahuee, Aida Bazrgar, Mahnaz Jafari, Leila Jamali and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Alireza HeiranCenter for Communicable Diseases Control, Vice Chancellor of Health Affairs, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
Amir AskarinejadLiverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Health & Chest Hospital Liverpool, Liverpool, England, UK.
Sarvin SasanniaDepartments of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
Mana MoghadamiHealth Management and Systems Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Foozhan VaziriClinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Armin NaderiClinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Amirhossein Akbari DahueeSchool of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Aida BazrgarStudent Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Mahnaz JafariNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Vice Chancellor of Health Affairs, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Leila JamaliDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Mohammad KeshavarzDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Fateme HoomanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Arash ShekariCardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mahboubeh Aliakbarian HaveshkiCenter for Non-Communicable Diseases, Vice Chancellor of Health Affairs, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Omid KeshvarzianTransplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Mohammad Amin AnnabiSchool of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Mahsa GholamiSchool of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Alireza MirahmadizadehNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Mohammad Rasoolallah Research Tower, 1st floor, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7193635899, Iran.
Mohammad Hossein NikooNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Mohammad Rasoolallah Research Tower, 1st floor, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7193635899, Iran. mhnmp@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-094X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe long-term cardiovascular sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a major component of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS), is a global health challenge. However, detailed characterization of fatal cardiovascular outcomes following COVID-19 hospitalization, particularly from the Middle East, remains limited.

objectiveWe aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of cardiovascular mortality among patients discharged after COVID-19-associated hospitalizations in southern Iran.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective data-linkage study between regional death certificates (N = 25,425) and COVID-19 hospital discharge records (N = 51,346) from teaching hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between March 2020 and March 2021. Cardiovascular death was defined using ICD-10 codes I00-I99 from official death certificates. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed on the cohort of cardiovascular deaths to identify factors associated with the time from discharge to death.

resultsThe all-cause mortality rate following discharge from COVID-19 hospitalization was substantially high, comprising 18.54% (N = 4,715) of all regional deaths. A total of 845 post-discharge deaths (3.32% of all regional deaths) were classified as being due to cardiovascular causes. Notably, 71.4% of these patients had elevated troponin levels – indicating acute myocardial injury – during their index COVID-19 hospitalization, which constitutes 2.85% of mortality in discharged COVID-19 patients (1,331 out of 46,705). The median time from discharge to death was 18 days [IQR: 6, 49.5]. The most frequent underlying cardiovascular conditions were unspecified cardiovascular disease (13.4%) and acute myocardial infarction (9.3%). The on-arrival ECG showed a high prevalence of abnormalities, including QT dispersion ≥ 40ms (50.9%), poor R wave progression (44.8%), and ST segment depression (26.8%). Discharge with cardiovascular drugs was independently associated with a longer time to death (aHR: 0.759 [95% CI: 0.588, 0.981]).

conclusionThis study showed a significant burden of cardiovascular mortality during 6–9 months following discharge from COVID-19 hospitalization, associated with a high-risk in-hospital phenotype for rapid post-discharge cardiovascular mortality. These findings suggested the critical need for structured long-term cardiovascular monitoring and risk stratification for high-risk patients after COVID-19 hospitalization.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCOVID-19Patient DischargeAdultAgedFemaleHospitalizationHumansIncidenceIranMaleMiddle AgedPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTime FactorsCardiovascular mortalityCOVID-19Data linkageMyocardial injuryPost-COVID conditions

Identifiers

PMID41495653
PMCPMC12870925

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.