Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41495771›Full record

ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2026

Inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway in cancer cells by Agrimonia eupatoria L. ethanolic extract: identification of tricoumaroyl spermidine as a potential PI3K inhibitor.

Mikayel Ginovyan, Smbat Gevorgyan, Hayarpi Javrushyan, Barbara Kusznierewicz, Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk, Naira Sahakyan, Agnieszka Bartoszek, Nikolay Avtandilyan

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mikayel GinovyanResearch Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia. mikayel.ginovyan@ysu.am.
Smbat GevorgyanDenovo Sciences Inc, Yerevan, Armenia.
Hayarpi JavrushyanResearch Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
Barbara KusznierewiczDepartment of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
Izabela Koss-MikołajczykDepartment of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
Naira SahakyanResearch Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
Agnieszka BartoszekDepartment of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
Nikolay AvtandilyanResearch Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.

Funding

Higher Education and Science Committee of MESCS RA 23LCG-1F010Higher Education and Science Committee of MESCS RA 23LCG-1F010, 23PHD-1F001 and Basic supportHigher Education and Science Committee of MESCS RA 23LCG-1F010 and Basic supportHigher Education and Science Committee of MESCS RA Basic support
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCancer remains one of the most significant global health challenges, requiring continuous efforts to identify novel anticancer agents. Agrimonia eupatoria L. (AE), is a perennial herb with diverse therapeutic properties, showing promise in preclinical studies for its anticancer potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of the AE extract on cancer cells in vitro and assess its impact on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, a key regulator of cancer-related processes and one of its potential targets.

methodsMetabolomic profiling of the AE ethanol extract composition was done using an advanced LC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS technique. The MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the AE extract against four human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HT-29, A549, HeLa). PI3K signaling pathway was elucidated with an In-Cell ELISA assay, WB, ICC/IF, and molecular docking identified potential PI3K inhibitors.

resultsMTT results showed significant cytotoxicity of the AE extract across all tested cell lines. A cellular antioxidant activity assay revealed a pro-oxidant effect in cancer cells, a process linked to PI3K/Akt regulation. The AE extract reduced both total and phosphorylated PI3K, and indicating inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/COX-2/MMP-2/HIF1a axis. Molecular docking identified tricoumaroyl spermidine as a potential PI3K inhibitor with high binding affinity.

conclusionThese findings support the potential of AE as a source of novel anticancer agents. However, this study has limitations, being confined to in vitro and in silico models; the extract’s overall biological activity is likely due to the synergistic effects of multiple constituents. Future in vivo validation and pharmacokinetic studies are necessary. Despite these challenges, tricoumaroyl spermidine was identified as a promising lead compound for further development as a PI3K inhibitor.

Indexed as

Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase InhibitorsPlant ExtractsSignal TransductionSpermidineCell Line, TumorHumansMolecular Docking SimulationPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesPhosphoinositide-3 Kinase InhibitorsPlant ExtractsSpermidineAntioxidant activityCancer therapyMolecular dockingPhytochemical profilingPI3K signaling pathwayTricoumaroyl spermidine

Identifiers

PMID41495771
PMCPMC12870893

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.