Evidence mapPaperPMID 41497982Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

The HLA landscape of Colombia: a high-resolution analysis of 11,576 blood donors.

Ana Luisa Muñoz, Daniel Uricoechea, Lina Andrea Gómez, Hernán Argote-Bérdugo, Johan Bula, María Alejandra Rueda, Miguel Germán Rueda, Ignacio Briceño

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ana Luisa MuñozFundación Banco Nacional de Sangre Hemolife, Bogotá, Colombia.
Daniel UricoecheaGrupo de Investigación Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
Lina Andrea GómezCentro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBUS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
Hernán Argote-BérdugoBanco Nacional de Sangre, Barranquilla, Colombia.
Johan BulaBanco Nacional de Sangre, Barranquilla, Colombia.
María Alejandra RuedaFundación Banco Nacional de Sangre Hemolife, Bogotá, Colombia.
Miguel Germán RuedaFundación Banco Nacional de Sangre Hemolife, Bogotá, Colombia.
Ignacio BriceñoGrupo de Investigación Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The highly polymorphic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system is critical for adaptive immunity and determines compatibility in transfusion and transplantation medicine. Admixed Latin American populations, such as Colombia's trihybrid population, possess unique HLA diversity that remains poorly characterized at high resolution. Methods: We performed high-resolution HLA typing on 11,576 Colombian blood donors from two distinct regions: the Andean and Caribbean. We analyzed allele and haplotype frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and compared genetic distances with global populations via PCA and UPGMA clustering. Results: We identified 565 alleles and 17,317 unique haplotypes, revealing extreme diversity. A few alleles dominated each locus, yet the top 20 haplotypes had a cumulative carrier frequency of only 3.17%, highlighting a fragmented haplotype landscape. Strong LD was observed between class I and II loci (HLA-A~DQB1), indicating conserved extended haplotypes. Genetically, the Colombian cohorts formed a tight cluster, showing closest affinity to Indigenous Chilean populations, suggesting a shared Andean background. Discussion: This study provides the first large-scale, high-resolution HLA map of Colombia, capturing the extensive immunogenetic diversity of an admixed Latin American population. Our findings are vital for improving transplant matching, understanding population-specific disease risks, and advancing equitable genomic medicine in the region.

Indexed as

Blood DonorsHLA AntigensSouth American PeopleAllelesColombiaFemaleGene FrequencyGenetic VariationHaplotypesHistocompatibility TestingHumansLinkage DisequilibriumHLA AntigensAdmixed Latin American populationscarrier frequencyColombian blood donorshigh-resolution HLA typingHLA diversitypopulation relationshiptransfusion and transplantation medicine

Identifiers

PMID41497982
PMCPMC12766644

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.