Evidence mapPaperPMID 41498660Full record

SynthesisIndian journal of pharmacology2026

Breathing insights: Biomarkers as tools for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment - A systematic review.

Sonali Singh, Atul Kabra, Pradeep Goyal

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Indian journal of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sonali SinghUniversity Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Ghauran, Punjab, India.
Atul KabraUniversity Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Ghauran, Punjab, India.
Pradeep GoyalDepartment of Pharmacology, Saraswati College of Pharmacy, Mohali, Punjab, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

abstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major global health burden, posing ongoing challenges in diagnosis and management. This systematic review examines current evidence on biomarkers relevant to COPD, emphasizing their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus identified studies published from January 2019 to April 2025 involving adult COPD patients. Two independent reviewers screened observational and randomized studies, with duplicates (n = 24) removed using Mendeley and verified manually. Due to heterogeneity in methodology and outcomes, data were synthesized narratively. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 for randomized trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. Traditional biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and fibrinogen were consistently associated with exacerbation risk and disease severity. Interleukins-6 and -8 were elevated in frequent exacerbators, while surfactant proteins showed potential in distinguishing COPD from other chronic lung diseases. Emerging genetic and multiomics markers - such as matrix metalloproteinase-9, chitinase-3-like protein 1, and various microRNAs - demonstrated associations with disease phenotypes and treatment response. The findings highlight that while individual biomarkers offer valuable insights, a combined multimarker approach integrated with clinical parameters may enhance the precision of COPD management. This review provides clinicians and researchers with an updated perspective on the utility and limitations of current biomarkers, supporting the move toward more personalized and effective strategies in COPD care.

Indexed as

BiomarkersPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveHumansBiomarkersBiomarkerschronic obstructive pulmonary diseasegeneticssystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41498660
PMCPMC12875528

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.