Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41499239›Full record

ArticleCell reports2026

Chimeric brain models to study human glial-neuronal and macroglial-microglial interactions.

Mengmeng Jin, Ziyuan Ma, Haiwei Zhang, Rui Dang, Ava V Papetti, Alessandro C Stillitano, Lisa Zou, Steven A Goldman, Peng Jiang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Perisynaptic Astrocytic Processes as Communication Hubs and Early Sites of Dysfunction.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mengmeng JinDepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Ziyuan MaDepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Haiwei ZhangDepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Rui DangDepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Ava V PapettiDepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Alessandro C StillitanoDepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Lisa ZouCenter for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Steven A GoldmanCenter for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Peng JiangDepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. Electronic address: peng.jiang@rutgers.edu.

Funding

A DUAL CHIMERIC HUMAN ASTROGLIAL-MICROGLIAL MODEL OF HIV AND HANDR01DA054534 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI GOLDMAN, STEVEN ALAN · 2021 to 2025
$3.1M
A Human iPSC-Based Chimeric Mouse Model of Alzheimers Disease in Down SyndromeR01AG073779 · NIA · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI Peng Jiang · 2021 to 2026
$3.1M
Cerebral organoid and IPSC derived microglia: Modeling of HIV and methamphetamine co-morbidityR01DA056906 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI Peng Jiang, Sowmya Yelamanchili · 2022 to 2026
$2.6M
Understanding Down Syndrome Brain Development Using Human iPSC-Based Mouse ChimerasR01NS122108 · NINDS · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI Peng Jiang · 2021 to 2026
$2.1M
Novel Functions of OLIG2 in Regulating Human Interneuron Production in Health and DiseaseR01NS102382 · NINDS · RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J. · PI JIANG, PENG · 2018 to 2022
$1.6M
Cell-intrinsic and contextual determinants of aging by human glial progenitor cellsR01AG072298 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI GOLDMAN, STEVEN ALAN · 2021 to 2025
$1.6M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG072298NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073779NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA054534NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA056906NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS102382NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS122108
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chimeric brain models generated by transplanting human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural cells are valuable for studying the development and function of human neural cells in vivo. To explore glial-neuronal and glial-glial interactions, we co-engraft hPSC-derived primitive neural progenitor cells and primitive macrophage progenitors into neonatal mouse brains, generating chimeric brains containing human microglia, macroglia, and neurons. Using super-resolution imaging and 3D reconstruction, we observe human microglia pruning synapses and engulfing neurons. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals human glial progenitor populations and dynamic stages of astroglial development resembling those in the human brain. Cell-cell communication analysis identifies strong human neural interactions, including NRXN-NLGN3 signaling between neurons and astrocytes and SPP1- and PTN-MK-mediated communication between microglia and astroglia. This co-transplantation model provides a powerful approach to study complex human glial-neuronal interactions and mechanisms underlying neurological diseases.

Indexed as

BrainCell CommunicationChimeraMicrogliaNeurogliaNeuronsAnimalsAstrocytesCell DifferentiationHumansMiceNeural Stem CellsPluripotent Stem Cellsastrogliachimeric brain modelsCP: Neuroscienceglia-glia interactionshuman pluripotent stem cellsmicroglianeuron-glia interactionsoligodendroglia

Identifiers

PMID41499239
PMCPMC12974579

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.