ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2026
Within-person associations between daily ovarian steroid levels and mood-related symptoms in ovulatory and anovulatory early adolescents.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Affective Sensitivity to Ovarian Steroid Hormone Flux Across the Menstrual Cycle: Manifestations and Biopsychosocial Risk Factors.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2026Review
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Abstract
backgroundAccumulating evidence suggests some adult females experience hormone sensitivity, or neurobehavioral sensitivity to normal fluctuations in ovarian steroid hormones, across the menstrual cycle. However, this work has yet to be adequately extended to adolescent populations, despite the significant increase in risk for affective disorders among females after menarche.
aimsThe current study aimed to determine whether hormone sensitivity could be observed in a sample of early adolescent females by examining the within-person associations between daily levels of estrone and progesterone metabolites that are marked for urinary excretion (estrone-3glucuronide or E1G and pregnanediol glucuronide or PdG, respectively) and daily mood symptoms across one menstrual cycle.
methodThe current study assessed mood ratings and collected dried urine strips for analysis of E1G and PdG across one full menstrual cycle (up to 48 days) in a sample of peripubertal female adolescents aged 11-14. Within-person multilevel models, run in the full sample and separately for ovulatory cycles (N = 31) and anovulatory cycles (N = 23), evaluated the associations between E1G and PdG and mood symptoms.
resultsIn the full sample, E1G was negatively associated with mean total symptom score ((b = -.02, 95 % CI = -0.03 - -0.002), irritability (b = -.003, 95 % CI = -0.06 - -0.001), anhedonia (b = -.03, 95 % CI = -0.05 - -0.01), concentration difficulty (b = -.03, 95 % CI = -0.05 - -0.002), and conflicts (b = -.03, 95 % CI = -0.05 - -0.004). In the ovulatory group, E1G was negatively associated with mean total symptom score (b = -.02, 95 % CI = -0.04 - -0.004), hopelessness (b = -0.02, 95 % CI = -0.04 - -0.001), rejection sensitivity (b = -0.03, 95 % CI = -0.06 - -0.001), irritability (b = -0.05, 95 % CI = -0.09 - -0.01), concentration difficulties (b = -0.03, 95 % CI = -0.06 - -0.01), and overwhelm (b = -0.03, 95 % CI = -0.06 - -0.0001). In the anovulatory group, E1G was associated only with anhedonia (b = -0.05, 95 % CI = -0.10 - -0.01).
conclusionsThese results demonstrate small associations between normal decreases in E1G and mood symptoms across the menstrual cycle in an adolescent sample, though these effects were largely limited to ovulatory cycles. Results highlight the importance of considering ovulation status in this population and differ from the adult literature in important ways that highlight the need for more work on how hormone sensitivity differs between adolescents and adults.
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