ArticleScientific reports2026
Chitosan from shrimp shell waste as a carrier for frankincense nanoparticles with enhanced antimicrobial activity.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Waste-Derived Sustainable Nanomaterials: Comprehensive Review of Synthesis Advances, Applications and Translational Challenges.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study focuses on the sustainable extraction of chitosan from shrimp shell waste and its application in developing frankincense-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with enhanced antimicrobial efficacy. Chitosan was extracted through demineralization with 4% HCl, deproteinization using 8% NaOH at 70 °C, and deacetylation with 40% NaOH under shaking for 48 h, yielding 3.4 g (22.51%) from 15 g of shrimp shell powder. Frankincense ethanolic extract was incorporated into chitosan nanoparticles using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker, followed by ultrasonication and dropwise addition of chitosan to form a stable nanocomposite. Characterization confirmed a semi-crystalline structure (XRD), typical thermal degradation (TGA), and strong molecular interaction between chitosan and frankincense (FTIR). TEM and SEM showed well-dispersed, amorphous nanoparticles with smoother surfaces, while DLS revealed an average particle size of 8.47 nm, PDI 0.6, and zeta potential + 12.9 mV, indicating moderate stability. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using two methods: the well diffusion and microplate reader assays against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans. Results showed that nanoparticles significantly enhanced inhibition of S. mutans, S. typhi, and C. albicans compared to the extract. These findings highlight chitosan-frankincense nanoparticles as a promising natural antimicrobial system for pharmaceutical and food preservation applications.
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