ArticleScientific reports2026
Effect of ciprofloxacin and vitamin C on immunotoxicity biomarkers and mesenteric lymph nodes in a rat model.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) has been associated with various adverse effects, including potential toxicity to the immune system. This study investigates the immunotoxic effects of Cipro and examines the possible protective role of vitamin C (VitC) using rats. Although rats can synthesize VitC, they serve as a relevant model for evaluating drug effects and immune responses due to their physiological and immunological similarities to humans. A total of 40 rats were divided into four groups (n = 10). The Cipro group received 750 mg/kg of Cipro orally each day for five days. The VitC-Cipro group was administered 200 mg/kg of VitC orally one hour prior to receiving Cipro daily for five days. The VitC group received the same dose of VitC, while the Control group was given 0.9% normal saline daily for five days. Levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) were measured in serum. Histopathological examinations of mesenteric lymph nodes were also conducted. The Cipro group exhibited significantly lower levels of IL-4 compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Similarly, INF-γ levels were significantly reduced in the Cipro group compared to the VitC-Cipro group (P < 0.05) and the Control group (P < 0.01). No significant differences in IL-10 levels were observed among the groups (P > 0.05). Histological analysis revealed degenerative changes in the lymph nodes of the Cipro group, characterized by a moth-eaten appearance, tingible body macrophages, localized hemorrhage, and reactive eosinophilia. Tissue sections from the VitC-Cipro group showed a reduced number of lymphocytes with uneven distribution in the paracortex reticular tissue. These alterations in interleukin levels and lymph node histology may indicate ciprofloxacin-induced immunotoxicity. Furthermore, the ameliorative effects of VitC against Cipro toxicity suggest its potential utility in cases of antibiotic overdose.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.