Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41501749›Full record

ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2026

Exploring the relationship between lymphatic system damage and insulin resistance in T2DM based on vascular periadventitial tensor analysis and triglyceride-glucose index.

Shan Xu, Xu-Yang Wang, Dong Yang, Die Zhang, Li-Na Du, Qing-Qing Chen, Yun Yang, Lin Lin, Jing Shen, Jian-Lin Wu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Shan Xu *Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, China.
Xu-Yang Wang *Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, China.
Dong Yang *Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, China.
Die ZhangDepartment of Radiology, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, China.
Li-Na DuDepartment of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, 1518 Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
Qing-Qing ChenDepartment of Radiology, Yiwu Central Hospital, 699 Jiangdong Road, Yiwu, 322000, China.
Yun YangDepartment of Radiology, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, China.
Lin LinDepartment of Radiology, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, China.
Jing ShenDepartment of Radiology, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, China.
Jian-Lin WuDepartment of Radiology, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, 116001, China. cjr.wujianlin@vip.163.com.

Funding

Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund 2021JJ12SN38National Natural Science Foundation of China 82071911
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can lead to dysfunction in the brain’s glymphatic system, but the relationship between glymphatic system function and insulin resistance remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the connection between changes in the brain’s glymphatic system function in T2DM and the surrogate marker for insulin resistance, the Triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG). A total of 28 T2DM patients (T2DM group) and 24 healthy volunteers (HC group) were included in this study. We outlined circular regions with a diameter of 5.0 mm on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the projection and association fibers in the body of the lateral ventricle. We compared the differences in DTI-ALPS index and related fiber diffusivity between the two groups. Additionally, TyG index in T2DM patients was calculated based on fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels. Age was included as a covariate to analyze the correlation between the ALPS index and TyG index in T2DM patients. The results showed that the ALPS index and Dxproj in the T2DM group were lower than those in the HC group, while Dyproj was higher than in the HC group. In the T2DM group, the ALPS index, Dxassoc, and TyG index were all negatively correlated. The decreased ALPS index and fiber diffusivity in T2DM patients may be associated with the TyG index, suggesting a relationship between insulin resistance, lymphatic system damage, and white matter microstructure.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diffusion Tensor ImagingInsulin ResistanceLymphatic SystemTriglyceridesAdultBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisBiomarkersBlood GlucoseTriglyceridesDiffusion tensor imagingLymphatic systemTriglyceride-glucose indexType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41501749
PMCPMC12882457

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.