ArticleACS omega2025
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Natural products targeting cytokine-regulated SASP inflammation networks in Ovarian cancer: Implications on immune escape and molecular resistance.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Catechin-Folate nano-niosomes from Osbeckia parvifolia Arn. induce apoptotic cell death in Ovarian cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is known to reduce oxidative stress. Drug-loaded niosomes enhance the cellular uptake of drugs, resulting in improved antioxidant effects. In this study, we formulated metformin-loaded niosomes, aiming to enhance cellular drug uptake and augment antioxidant effects. The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential values were found to be 153.8 nm, 0.449, and -9.32 mV respectively. Morphological observations conducted through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided insights into the distinctive structure of the niosomes. Entrapment efficiency of drug-loaded niosomes was determined to be 68%. In vitro drug release studies, performed by using the dialysis bag method, exhibited a release profile consistent with Hixson-Crowell kinetics. After characterization of the formulations, the antioxidant activity of metformin-loaded niosomes on Pyrogallol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in the mouse brain was compared with metformin treatment alone. ROS formation was measured by a luminol-lucigenin chemiluminescence assay. Metformin-loaded niosomes significantly reduced ROS formation compared to metformin treatment alone. Metformin-loaded niosomes offer potential for enhanced antioxidant effects and bioavailability by increasing cellular uptake of metformin.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.