ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
Establishing percentiles for phase angle, skeletal muscle mass index, and muscle-to-fat ratio in Brazilian adolescents: a bioelectrical impedance analysis study with 59,000 participants.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Associations between body mass index and body composition among Pacific adolescents in Aotearoa New Zealand.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Reliable normative references for adolescent body composition are essential for screening and surveillance, yet Brazilian data at national scale remain scarce and heterogeneous across methods and devices. Objectives: To generate age- and sex-specific reference curves for phase angle (PhA), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) in Brazilian adolescents, and to present device- dependent body fat percentage (%BF) percentiles as secondary, interpretation- cautioned outputs. Methods: We analyzed a frozen, de-identified extract of routine multi- frequency bioimpedance assessments (10.00-19.99 years) spanning all five Brazilian macro-regions and multiple recruitment contexts (schools, clinics/primary care, private practices, gyms/fitness centers, community programs). The extract is produced by a vendor privacy/QA pipeline compliant with LGPD; upstream cleaning logs are not accessible to the authors. Prespecified plausibility and deduplication rules (anthropometry and impedance thresholds; robust BIVA on R/H and Xc/H) were re- applied and yielded no additional exclusions. Sex-specific age curves were modeled with GAMLSS (LMS) to estimate smoothed percentiles (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, P97). %BF, derived from a proprietary embedded equation, is reported as secondary. Results: The analytic cohort comprised 59,000 adolescents from all macro-regions and diverse contexts. Median PhA, SMMI, and MFR increased with age in boys and showed the expected attenuated or plateauing patterns in girls across mid- to late adolescence. Percentile spreads widened with age for muscle-related indices, indicating growing interindividual variability. Device-dependent %BF percentiles exhibited age- and sex- specific trajectories consistent with physiological expectations but should be interpreted with caution pending external validation. Conclusions: We provide national reference percentiles for PhA, SMMI, and MFR that are immediately useful for clinical and public- health applications and less sensitive to device-specific assumptions. %BF curves are offered as secondary and require independent validation against a criterion method before routine use. Future work should confirm regional representativeness and cross-device portability.
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