ArticleJournal of pharmaceutical investigation2026
Meta-analysis of levamisole absorption and disposition across diverse species using a minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model.
Article in Journal of pharmaceutical investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Butorphanol Pharmacokinetics Across Species: Meta-Analysis Integrating Allometric Scaling and Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Multi-species assessment of propranolol pharmacokinetics via minimal and whole-body PBPK modeling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Pharmacokinetic (PK) data for levamisole, an important immunostimulant and antiparasitic agent, were identified in 18 species providing sufficient PK data following oral (PO) and/or intravenous (IV) administration for assessment and comparison. Methods: Pharmacokinetic parameters were sought in all species for traditional allometric assessment. Among these, 2 bird and 6 mammalian species provided sufficient data for joint modeling using traditional compartmental PK and minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) methods. Results: Simple allometric scaling was first used examine clearance ( Conclusion: This study demonstrates that levamisole with rapid absorption and extensive metabolism exhibits largely consistent PK properties across species. Minimal PBPK modeling offers advantageous comparison of interspecies determinants of levamisole PK. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40005-025-00770-6.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.