ReviewHealth science reports2026
Towards an Integrated Framework for Health Surveillance Systems: A Systematic Literature Review of Design Components and Implementation Challenges.
Review in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance Dynamics Across Healthcare Level: Global Evidence and Stewardship Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Health surveillance systems play a critical role in early detection, timely response, and evidence-based policymaking. Despite significant technological progress, challenges such as data fragmentation, limited interoperability, and inconsistent governance continue to undermine system effectiveness. This study aims to advance the understanding of surveillance design by developing an integrated framework that consolidates technical, organizational, and ethical dimensions. Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, covering studies indexed in Scopus and Web of Science up to April 2025. From 191 initially retrieved records, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were thematically analyzed. Results: Through thematic analysis, ten key design components were identified. These findings offer actionable insights for policymakers, healthcare administrators, and system developers. Based on these findings, an integrated, evidence-based framework is proposed to support effective system implementation. These key components are: leadership and management, stakeholder engagement, education and awareness, workforce competence, finance and insurance, data privacy and security, patient comfort, risk assessment, infrastructure readiness, and cultural/ethical considerations. Conclusion: The synthesis revealed recurring implementation challenges, including fragmented data systems, inadequate stakeholder participation, and limited financial or technical capacity. Based on the findings, this study proposes an evidence-based integrated framework to guide the design and implementation of adaptive, efficient, and ethically grounded surveillance systems. The proposed framework provides actionable insights for policymakers, healthcare administrators, and digital health architects seeking to strengthen surveillance infrastructures across diverse health settings and promote sustainable, data-driven decision-making.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.