Evidence mapPaperPMID 41504389Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Early Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Stimulation on Proximal Tibial Circular Osteotomy Site Enhanced Heterotopic Skin Wound Healing via Small Extracellular Vesicles.

Xiaoping Xie, Songqi Bi, Bang Su, Rongqi Zhou, Xudong Li, Zhixing Yan, Xiaoyang Zhou, Fanxu Wang, Tiecheng Yu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xiaoping XieDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9402-4112
Songqi BiDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2168-9623
Bang SuDepartment of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9254-6461
Rongqi ZhouDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun, China.
Xudong LiDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun, China.
Zhixing YanDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8825-0094
Xiaoyang ZhouDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun, China.
Fanxu WangDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun, China.
Tiecheng YuDepartment of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University Changchun, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3456-5942

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of China 31970090Natural Science Foundation of Jilin YDZJ202601ZYTS761
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wound healing represents a complex biological process necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches, particularly for chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Inspired by the regenerative effects of tibial bone transport for DFUs, we explored whether radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy (rESWT) at the tibial annular osteotomy site (TOE) could enhance wound healing in rats. We found that TOE accelerated dorsal foot wound healing via small extracellular vesicles (sEV). This sEVs showed strong regenerative effects and modulated macrophage polarizations in vitro and in vivo. Single-cell sequencing revealed mesenchymal stem cells as the likely sEV source, with rESWT triggering sEV release through ATP/P2X7R/p38MAPK pathway. Proteomic analysis identified five differentially expressed proteins in sEVs, with Thrombospondin 1 (Thbs1)-enhanced sEVs enhancing wound healing by promoting IL4-induced M2 macrophage polarization. This innovative approach represents a promising alternative strategy for wound management, with potential for future DFU treatment.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesExtracorporeal Shockwave TherapyOsteotomySkinTibiaWound HealingAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalMacrophagesMaleMesenchymal Stem CellsRatsRats, Sprague-Dawleymacrophage polarizationshockwavesmall extracellular vesiclesthrombospondin 1wound healing

Identifiers

PMID41504389
PMCPMC13042648

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.