ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026
Andrographolide augments methotrexate's therapeutic potential in psoriasis: comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psoriasis is a persistent autoimmune dermatological condition impacting around 125 million individuals globally. Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used for the treatment of psoriasis. One of the major drawbacks of MTX is dose-dependent hepatotoxicity, resulting in poor compliance with therapy. Andrographolide (AG) is extensively used traditionally in Asia for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. It possesses both antipsoriatic and hepatoprotective potential. This study was planned to explore the combination of AG with MTX to enhance the efficacy of MTX using in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-inflammatory effects of AG and MTX, individually and in combination, were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages by measuring nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels. The combination of AG (40 mg/kg) with subtherapeutic dose of MTX (0.5 mg/kg) was further evaluated in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model. Co-treatment significantly suppressed the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro compared to monotherapies. In vivo, the combination significantly alleviated psoriatic symptoms, including erythema, scaling, and epidermal thickening, and improved Baker's histology scores. Additionally, the combination therapy reduced spleen enlargement and modulated cytokine expression in psoriatic skin, with significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, along with upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine. These effects were comparable to those achieved with a therapeutic dose of MTX (1 mg/kg). These findings suggest that AG potentiates the antipsoriatic effect of low-dose MTX. This combination approach presents a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing efficacy and may reduce the MTX-associated hepatotoxicity for the long-term treatment of psoriasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41504882What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.