Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41505231›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Associations between metabolic syndrome and regional brain iron depositions and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: A two multinational cohort study.

Xinyue Zhang, Linfeng Yang, Na Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Qihao Zhang, Zhenyu Cheng, Yiwen Chen, Pengcheng Liang, Meng Li, Lingfei Guo and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xinyue ZhangKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Department of Radiology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Linfeng YangDepartment of Radiology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Na WangKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Department of Radiology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Yuanyuan WangSchool of Medical Imaging, Binzhou medical university, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Qihao ZhangDepartment of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
Zhenyu ChengSchool of Medical Imaging, Binzhou medical university, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Yiwen ChenKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Department of Radiology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Pengcheng LiangKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Department of Radiology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Meng LiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Lingfei GuoKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Department of Radiology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Changhu LiangKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Department of Radiology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Funding

Funding for Study Abroad Program by Shandong Province 201803059the Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province 202309010557;202309010560the Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province 202409010479the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2020MH288,ZR2024MH026the Shandong Province Medical System Employee Science and Technology Innovation Plan SDYWZGKCIH2023034;SDYWZGKCIH2024021the Technology Development Plan of Jinan 202328066
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe alterations of regional brain iron in patients with metabolic syndrome (Mets) and its relationship with cognitive function remain unclear.

methodsThese analyses utilized data from two prospective cohorts, from the UK Biobank (UKB) (21,346 participants) and from Jinan, China (224 participants). We capitalized brain iron in the striatum and thalamus of UKB. Then voxel-based analysis of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was used to detect regional susceptibility value alteration in our cohort and their relationship with cognitive function was assessed using linear regression.

resultsMets patients exhibited iron deposition in the striatum and thalamus, which was mainly associated with hyperglycemia and elevated triglycerides among the risk factors in UKB. Mets patients exhibited iron deposition in the right caudate nucleus, which was associated with cognitive decline in the Jinan cohort. DISCUSSION: Regional brain iron deposition might serve as a neuroimaging biomarker of Mets severity and a potential mechanism for cognitive decline. HIGHLIGHTS: Iron deposition in deep gray matter nuclei was found in patients with metabolic syndrome (Mets) in both UK Biobank (UKB) and Jinan cohort. Iron deposition in the deep gray matter nuclei of Mets in UKB was mainly related to hyperglycemia and elevated triglycerides among metabolic risk factors. The UKB longitudinal study found that the susceptibility values of the caudate nucleus and putamen of Mets patients increased significantly with age compared to healthy controls. Patients with Mets exhibited poorer cognitive function, which was closely associated with iron deposition in the right caudate nucleus in the Jinan cohort. The association between iron deposition and cognition was more concentrated in the elderly, smokers and drinkers, and those with low years of education.

Indexed as

BrainCognitionIronMetabolic SyndromeAgedChinaCognitive DysfunctionCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUK BiobankIronbrain ironcognitive functiondual cohort studymetabolic syndromevoxel‐based analysis

Identifiers

PMID41505231
PMCPMC12782154

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.