Evidence mapPaperPMID 41505339Full record

ArticleScience progress

Utilizing ZIP code-based choropleth maps as a visual tool to analyze Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) recruitment patterns in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials in Hawai'i: A retrospective study.

Matthew Kobylinski, Nina Krupa, Hollis Tam, Linda Nguyen, Julia R Jahansooz, Kylie Herndon, Kaelyn Pacpaco, Masako Matsunaga, Samuel Toh Kim, Qi Zhi and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science progress. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Matthew KobylinskiMemory Disorders Center and Alzheimer's Research Unit, Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-9487-7245
Nina KrupaMemory Disorders Center and Alzheimer's Research Unit, Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-3078-4771
Hollis TamMemory Disorders Center and Alzheimer's Research Unit, Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7996-0420
Linda NguyenMemory Disorders Center and Alzheimer's Research Unit, Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-9750-352X
Julia R JahansoozMemory Disorders Center and Alzheimer's Research Unit, Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Kylie HerndonMemory Disorders Center and Alzheimer's Research Unit, Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Kaelyn PacpacoMemory Disorders Center and Alzheimer's Research Unit, Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Masako MatsunagaJohn A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Samuel Toh KimMemory Disorders Center and Alzheimer's Research Unit, Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9485-4140
Qi ZhiMemory Disorders Center and Alzheimer's Research Unit, Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Michael SonsonCedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Chathura SiriwardhanaJohn A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-8963-3953
Enrique CarrazanaJohn A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Kore LiowMemory Disorders Center and Alzheimer's Research Unit, Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA.

Funding

Research Capacity CoreU54MD007601 · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · 2025 to 2025
$5.0M
Tracking and Evaluation CoreU54GM138062 · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · 2025 to 2025
$2.3M
NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM138062NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD007601
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

ObjectiveQuantify recruitment of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) participants from 22 Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials over 5 years and utilize choropleth maps as a visual tool to identify where in the Hawaiian community recruited participants are located in order to better inform future recruitment efforts and improve equity and population diversity for future AD clinical trials.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at a dual-site origin clinical trial center in Hawai'i. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and participation in one or more AD clinical trials conducted between 2020 and 2024. Demographic information of clinical trial participants was collected via chart review and included self-identified race/ethnicity, age, residence, and number of clinical trials the patient has participated in. Clinical trial participants were categorized by ZIP codes established by the US Census Bureau. Differences across race/ethnicity groups were assessed using either Pearson's Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test.ResultsA total of 244 patients participated across the state of Hawai'i in 22 AD clinical trials between 2020 and 2024. Of this total, 169 (69%) patients provided their race/ethnicity, and 75 (31%) did not provide their race/ethnicity. White patients had the highest percentage of participation (44%), followed by Asian patients (34%) and NHPI patients (15%). The population distribution visualized in this study's choropleth maps suggests that NHPI were under-recruited from the west side of O'ahu.ConclusionsOur retrospective study applied choropleth maps to visualize the recruitment data and patterns of AD clinical trials. By utilizing choropleth maps to analyze recruitment areas, the NHPI community and other underrepresented populations may benefit from targeted, culturally informed recruitment strategies.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseClinical Trials as TopicNative Hawaiian or Pacific IslanderPatient SelectionAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHawaiiHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesAlzheimer's diseasechoropleth mapsclinical trialsNative Hawaiians and Pacific Islandersrecruitment strategies

Identifiers

PMID41505339
PMCPMC12783557

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.