ArticlePloS one2026
Phytochemical profiling and anticancer activity of the n-butanol fraction from Ardisia villosa extract: Inhibition of gastric cancer cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest and senescence induction.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Medicinal plants serve as valuable sources for anticancer drug discovery. This study investigated the anticancer potential of the n-butanol fraction from Ardisia villosa extract against breast and gastric cancer cell lines. Phytochemical profiling using UPLC-QToF-MS in both positive and negative ESI modes identified 118 putative compounds, including flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, coumarins, and phenolic acids. The n-butanol fraction exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative effects, with IC50 values of 60.2 µg/mL (MCF-7), 85.2 µg/mL (MKN45), and 51.7 µg/mL (AGS). In AGS gastric cancer cells, the extract significantly inhibited 3D tumorsphere formation and suppressed cell migration at concentrations as low as 50 µg/mL (p < 0.001). Additionally, n-butanol fraction extract markedly induced cellular senescence (p < 0.01). Mechanistic investigations revealed that the extract induced G0/G1 phase arrest by downregulating critical cell cycle regulators, including CCND1, CCNE1, CDK2, CDK3, CDK6, CDK8, and CDK9, while upregulating tumor suppressor and senescence-related genes such as p21, p53, p16, and p27 (p < 0.01). Molecular docking analyses further supported these findings by demonstrating strong binding affinities of phytochemicals to key cell cycle regulatory proteins, suggesting a direct molecular basis for their antiproliferative effects. In conclusion, the n-butanol fraction of Ardisia villosa displays potent anticancer activity, particularly in gastric cancer cells, through multi-targeted mechanisms involving cell cycle inhibition and senescence induction, and holds promise as a natural source for future anticancer therapeutics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.