Evidence mapPaperPMID 41505740Full record

ArticleJMIR mHealth and uHealth2026

Analysis of Training Behavior in Users of a Fitness App: Cross-Sectional Study.

Andrea Fuente-Vidal, Roger Prat, Juan Manuel Arribas-Marin, Oscar Bastidas-Jossa, Myriam Guerra-Balic, Begonya Garcia-Zapirain, Joel Montane, Javier Jerez-Roig

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Andrea Fuente-VidalFaculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4274-1515
Roger PratFaculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-688X
Juan Manuel Arribas-MarinSan Juan de Dios University School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4482-9470
Oscar Bastidas-JossaeVIDA Research Group, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4806-5754
Myriam Guerra-BalicFaculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-3179
Begonya Garcia-ZapiraineVIDA Research Group, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-1186
Joel Montane *Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-9580
Javier Jerez-Roig *Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-4452

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMobile health (mHealth) apps are increasingly being used to promote physical activity (PA) and can support exercise uptake and maintenance. Despite their potential, these tools face high dropout rates and inconsistent adherence, posing a significant challenge. Understanding how users engage with fitness apps is essential for improving user experience and health outcomes.

objectiveThis study aims to analyze user behavior patterns in the Mammoth Hunters (MH) fitness app (Mammoth Hunters SL), focusing on retention (days from registration to user's last recorded training session), average weekly training frequency, and adherence (alignment between planned and actual training). We examined how these outcomes are influenced by sociodemographic, motivational, and other variables.

methodsThis cross-sectional study involved 2771 Mammoth Hunters app users. In a subsample (n=289), training data were complemented by motivational data acquired through online surveying via an ad-hoc scale (internal consistency >0.83) based on the self-determination theory (SDT). Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn post-hoc, and Spearman correlation) were used to assess correlation between sociodemographic, motivation, and training behavior variables.

resultsMean retention (days) was significantly higher among males than females (135 vs 109, respectively; P<.01), users in the subscription vs free plan (154 vs 81; P<.001), active or very active individuals vs inactive, midbuilt vs thin body types (132 vs 120; P=.001), and those with slightly lower BMI. Users pursuing antiaging or muscle gain goals showed longer retention than those aiming to lose weight (gain: 132, antiaging: 128, lose weight: 116; P<.001). Average weekly frequency (sessions per week) of training was statistically significantly different by sex (male: 1.9 vs female: 1.8; P=.04), body type (thin: 1.96 vs mid: 1.77; P=.04), activity level (very active: 2.05 vs inactive: 1.83; P=.04), and motivation type (extrinsic introjected motivation correlated positively: r=0.17; P<.05), but did not correlate with perceived difficulty or fitness goals. Adherence, defined as actual vs targeted training frequency, was only significantly different among body types, with thin users showing higher adherence than the midbuilt group (57% vs 52.1%; P=.02). Intrinsic motivation showed a positive correlation with retention (r=0.19; P=.002), as did identified motivation (r=0.12; P<.05).

conclusionsThis study shows that retention is influenced by demographic factors, with males, subscribers, previously active, midbuilds, those aiming to gain muscle, and individuals with autonomous types (ie, intrinsic and identified) of motivation displaying greater long-term participation. These findings provide valuable preliminary insight into the complexities of exercise training behavior in apps. They suggest that training frequency, retention, and adherence do not respond to the same factors. App developers, researchers, and trainers should assess these variables separately and develop strategies accordingly.

Indexed as

ExerciseMobile ApplicationsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMotivationPhysical FitnessSurveys and Questionnairesexercise adherencefitness appmHealthmotivationphysical activityretention

Identifiers

PMID41505740
PMCPMC12828317

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.